MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a 16-residue mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within the 12S rRNA region.

Identity

Sequence

H-MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR-OH

Residues

16

Molecular formula

C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂

Average molecular weight

2174.6 g/mol

Monoisotopic mass (calculated)

2173.1077 Da

CAS number

1627580-64-6

PubChem CID

146675088

Strengths

10–40 mg

Other names

Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c

Identity data from: PubChem CID 146675088

Research overview

MOTS-c takes its name from a mitochondrial open reading frame within the 12S ribosomal RNA region. The discovery paper describes a short coding sequence for a 16-amino-acid peptide in mitochondrial DNA [1]. The peptide sequence is MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR, with a free amino terminus and a carboxyl terminus. A later review identifies the gene containing this sequence as MT-RNR1 and places MOTS-c among eight mitochondrial-derived peptides known at the time. The other seven, humanin and small humanin-like peptides 1–6, are encoded within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene rather than the 12S region [2]. The review notes that these short reading frames can lack the usual hallmarks of protein-coding genes [2].

The discovery work examined cellular metabolism and mouse models. In its cellular experiments, the authors linked MOTS-c to inhibition of the folate cycle and the connected pathway of de novo purine synthesis, followed by activation of AMPK [1]. The review considers mitochondrial-derived peptides as part of signaling from mitochondria to the wider cell and other tissues. It examines circulating peptide measurements, peptide expression in muscle, and the relationship of mitochondrial DNA variants to peptide function. Rodent experiments involving MOTS-c, humanin and the small humanin-like peptide SHLP2 are also covered in its discussion of mitochondrial signaling and cellular energy metabolism [2].

Laboratory storage and handling

Store the closed container cold, dry and protected from light under the conditions specified for the lot. Let it reach room temperature before opening to limit condensation. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing of laboratory stocks. Record storage history and lot identity alongside experiments, and use standard laboratory protective equipment when handling the material.

Questions about MOTS-c

References

1. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2015. PMID 25738459
2. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020. PMID 32776825

Identity data checked on 2026-09-24. Literature summaries describe published research models and are not specifications of any product lot.