NAD+

NAD+ is the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in cellular redox reactions and enzyme signalling.

Identity

Molecular formula

C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂

Average molecular weight

663.4 g/mol

Monoisotopic mass (calculated)

663.1091 Da

CAS number

53-84-9

PubChem CID

5892

Strengths

500–1000 mg

Other names

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide · Nadide · β-NAD

Identity data from: PubChem CID 5892

Research overview

NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form. Together with the reduced form, NADH, it participates in oxidation and reduction reactions in cellular metabolism. Its role is broader than that of a redox coenzyme: NAD+ is also a substrate for enzymes involved in cell signalling. A review of its biochemistry brings these metabolic and signalling roles together and examines how cells maintain the molecule through synthesis and consumption [1].

An important experimental distinction is that cells maintain compartment-specific pools of NAD+ and NADH. The review of metabolic regulation discusses compartmentalisation, precursor availability and degradation pathways, including routes that fall outside conventional descriptions of NAD+ turnover [2]. It also considers how the microbiome influences the availability of precursors. The authors call for further studies of the fundamental biology and detection of NAD+ and its metabolites, with attention to measurements in specific cells and within individual cellular compartments [2].

Another review examines NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, in relation to cellular processes such as DNA repair, chromatin remodelling and metabolism [3]. Its scope also includes immune-cell function and the regulation of NAD+ levels. The earlier biochemical review describes sirtuins as a family of protein deacylases for which NAD+ acts as a cosubstrate [1][3].

Laboratory storage and handling

Store the sealed material under the temperature conditions specified for the lot, protected from light and moisture. Allow a cold vial to reach room temperature before opening to reduce condensation on the solid. Keep exposure to the laboratory environment brief, avoid repeated freezing and thawing of laboratory stocks, and record storage history with the lot identifier. Use standard laboratory protective equipment and follow the accompanying documentation.

Questions about NAD+

References

1. NAD(+) homeostasis in health and disease. Nat Metab 2020. PMID 32694684
2. Regulation of and challenges in targeting NAD(+) metabolism. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024. PMID 39026037
3. NAD(+) metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021. PMID 33353981

Identity data checked on 2026-09-24. Literature summaries describe published research models and are not specifications of any product lot.